Skip to content

Exam prep · Level B1

DELF B1 Checklist: Everything You Need to Know for the Exam

The DELF B1 is the independent-user level: you defend an opinion, tell a story in the past and cope when a conversation takes an unexpected turn. On top of A2 it adds the subjonctif présent, the plus-que-parfait, the futur antérieur, the conditionnel passé, reported speech and the passive. The exam is four papers of 25 points and you pass at 50/100.

By Camille, native French teacherUpdated 9 September 2026Free, no account required
Download the B1 checklist (PDF)

B1 is the level where French becomes yours. You stop reaching for memorised phrases and start building what you want to say: giving an opinion and backing it up, telling a story in the past, handling a situation that does not go to plan. The examiner is no longer checking that you know the words, but that you can use them to get something done.

The checklist below is the exact map of what the DELF B1 can test. Grammar and tenses are kept separate on purpose, so nothing appears twice: the grammar list is everything that is not a verb form, and the verb system lives in its own table further down.

What changes between A2 and B1

If you have already passed A2, this table is your revision plan on its own.

AreaAt A2Added at B1
MoodConditionnel présent, for politenessSubjonctif présent and conditionnel passé
PastPassé composé and imparfaitPlus-que-parfait, for what happened before
FutureFutur simpleFutur antérieur (quand j'aurai fini…)
Hypothesissi + présent, si + imparfaitThe full si system, plus reported speech
VoiceActive sentences onlyThe passive (la lettre a été envoyée)
Pronounsqui, que, oĂądont, lequel, and two pronouns at once (le lui, m'en)

The DELF B1 exam format

The DELF is awarded by the French Ministry of Education and never expires. Each of the four papers is marked out of 25 for a total of 100, you need 50/100 overall to pass, and at least 5/25 in every single paper.

PaperDurationMarks
Compréhension de l'oral (listening)About 25 minutes25
Compréhension des écrits (reading)35 minutes25
Production écrite (writing)45 minutes, a personal essay25
Production orale (speaking)15 minutes, plus 10 minutes preparation25

Grammar to master for B1

Everything here is grammar that is not a verb form. The tenses and moods are listed separately below, so nothing is counted twice.

  • Les pronoms relatifs qui, que, dont, oĂą et lequel
  • La place et l’ordre des doubles pronoms (le lui, m’en, y en…)
  • Les pronoms dĂ©monstratifs et possessifs (celui-ci, le mien…)
  • Les adjectifs et pronoms indĂ©finis (tout, chaque, certains, quelques-uns…)
  • Les comparatifs et les superlatifs (meilleur, pire, le mieux…)
  • La nĂ©gation complexe (ne… ni… ni, ne… que, ne… aucun, ne… personne)
  • Les prĂ©positions et les locutions (grâce Ă , Ă  cause de, malgrĂ©, jusqu’à…)
  • Les connecteurs logiques (d’abord, cependant, par consĂ©quent, en revanche…)
  • L’expression de la cause, de la consĂ©quence et du but
  • L’expression de l’opposition et de la concession (mais, pourtant, bien que…)
  • La mise en relief (c’est… qui, c’est… que)
  • Les indicateurs de temps (il y a, depuis, pendant, dans, jusqu’à)

Essential B1 vocabulary

Fifteen themes. Compared to A2, they move from your immediate surroundings to opinions, society and abstract ideas.

  • Parler de soi : parcours, expĂ©riences, projets
  • Le travail, les mĂ©tiers, la recherche d’emploi
  • Les Ă©tudes et la formation
  • Le logement et la vie quotidienne
  • La santĂ©, le bien-ĂŞtre, les habitudes de vie
  • Les voyages, le tourisme, l’hĂ©bergement
  • Les mĂ©dias, la presse, l’information
  • Internet, les rĂ©seaux sociaux, le numĂ©rique
  • L’environnement et l’écologie
  • La consommation, les achats, l’argent
  • Les loisirs, la culture, les sorties
  • Les sentiments, les Ă©motions, les relations
  • La ville, les services, les dĂ©marches administratives
  • L’actualitĂ©, la sociĂ©tĂ©, les faits divers
  • Exprimer l’accord, le dĂ©saccord et la nuance

Communication skills tested at B1

The B1 oral asks you to argue, narrate and react, not only to describe. Rehearse each one aloud.

  • Raconter un Ă©vĂ©nement ou une expĂ©rience passĂ©e
  • DĂ©crire ses projets, ses rĂŞves, ses ambitions
  • Exprimer et justifier une opinion, un point de vue
  • Argumenter simplement (avantages et inconvĂ©nients)
  • Exprimer des sentiments (joie, regret, espoir, surprise)
  • Faire des hypothèses et envisager des consĂ©quences
  • Donner des conseils, faire des recommandations
  • Raconter une histoire, un film, un livre
  • RĂ©diger un texte structurĂ© (lettre ou mail formel, court essai)
  • Comprendre l’essentiel d’un article ou d’une Ă©mission
  • Participer Ă  une conversation, Ă  une discussion
  • Faire une rĂ©clamation, rĂ©soudre un problème
  • RĂ©sumer et reformuler ce que l’on a compris

The tenses and moods you need at B1

This is the whole verb system for B1, in one place. Nothing here is repeated in the grammar list above.

Tense or moodWhat it coversWatch out for
Le présent, le passé composé, l'imparfaitRevised and used together, now without hesitationChoosing imparfait vs passé composé across a whole story, not one sentence.
Le plus-que-parfaitAn action finished before another past actionavait / était + participe passé, with the same agreement rules as the passé composé.
Le futur simple et le futur antérieurPlans, and what will be done before a future pointQuand j'aurai fini, je t'appellerai: the futur antérieur comes first in time.
Le conditionnel présent et passéPoliteness, hypotheses, and regret (j'aurais dû)The passé is the past unreal and the tense of regret.
Le subjonctif présentAfter il faut que, vouloir que, emotions, bien queThe trigger is the conjunction or verb in front, not the subjunctive verb itself.
Les hypothèses avec sisi + présent + futur, and si + imparfait + conditionnelNever a futur or a conditionnel directly after si.
Le discours rapportéReporting what someone said, with the concordance des tempsprésent becomes imparfait, passé composé becomes plus-que-parfait, futur becomes conditionnel.
La voix passiveêtre + participe passé (+ par), to shift the focusThe participle agrees with the subject: elle a été invitée.

Take it with you

Everything on this page, laid out to print and keep next to you while you revise.

Download the B1 checklist (PDF)

Turn the map into a plan

B1 is where you start speaking for yourself

A checklist shows you what the examiner can ask. It cannot hear you defend an opinion or tell a story in the past, which is exactly what B1 is marked on. Start with a $15 trial lesson: Camille assesses your real level against the official criteria and tells you where your points are actually going.

Book a trial lesson · $15

New posters

Get the next poster by email

New illustrated posters get added to the free library, and this one was the latest. Leave your email and I’ll let you know when the next one is out. No spam, and one click at the bottom of any email takes you off the list.

Frequently asked questions

What level is DELF B1?

B1 is the third CEFR level, the threshold or independent-user level. It certifies that you can deal with most situations while travelling, describe experiences and events, give reasons and explanations for your opinions, and produce simple connected text on familiar topics.

What is the difference between DELF A2 and DELF B1?

A2 certifies that you can handle simple, routine exchanges about your immediate environment. B1 certifies real independence: defending an opinion, telling a story in the past and coping with the unexpected. In grammar terms, B1 adds the subjonctif présent, the plus-que-parfait, the futur antérieur, the conditionnel passé, reported speech and the passive voice.

What score do you need to pass the DELF B1?

The same as every DELF level: 50 out of 100 overall, with a minimum of 5 out of 25 in each of the four papers. Falling below 5 in one paper fails the whole exam even if your total is above 50.

Is the subjonctif really tested at B1?

Yes, the subjonctif présent is a B1 point. You are expected to use it after common triggers such as il faut que, je veux que, je suis content que and bien que. The subjonctif passé waits until B2.

How long does it take to go from A2 to B1?

Roughly 150 to 200 hours of study for most learners. B1 is often where progress feels slower, because the jump is less about new words and more about handling tenses, moods and argument at the same time.

Is DELF B1 enough for French citizenship?

Not any longer for naturalisation: since 2026 the required oral level for French nationality is B2. B1 remains the usual language bar for the multi-year residence permit (carte de résident). If citizenship is your goal, aim straight for B2.